A history of research on yeasts 7: enzymic adaptation and regulation.

Introduction: the scope of this article 704 Dienert’s work on adaptation of yeast to galactose 707 Enzymic adaptation or selection of mutants? 709 Galactose fermentation by yeasts 713 Monod’s work on lactose utilization by Escherichia coli 714 Gratuitous induction 716 ‘Permeases’: transport of metabolites into the cells 718 Carbon catabolite repression 720 The operon 722 The galactose pathway in yeasts: work of Leloir and others 723 Uridine diphosphate sugars 725 Genetic regulation of the galactose pathway 729 Regulation of the GAL genes 730 Genetic regulation of the utilization of other substrates 732 Maltose utilization: the MAL genes 732 Sucrose utilization: invertase and the SUC genes 733 Conclusion 733 References 733 Appendix: sugar structures 743